ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify whether enalapril and captopril would reverse the renal damage caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate in C57BL/6 mice. We used inbred C57BL/6 female mice, obtained from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA. The mice were divided into four groups as follows: Group1: received saline by the intramuscular (IM) route; Group 2: received N-methylglucamine antimonate (IM); Group 3: received N-methylglucamine antimoniate and captopril; Group 4: was treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate and enalapril. Both enalapril and captopril were orally administered in drinking water (ad libitum). After 30 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were collected for histological analysis which showed that enalapril completely reversed the edema, the podocytes hyperplasia and nucleus of the epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate. On the other hand, the captopril treatment partially inhibited kidney harmful effects caused by N-metilgucamina antimoniate. Taken together, we would conclude that enalapril and captopril reverse edema and renalhyperplasia caused by N-methylglucamine antimonate in mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, hematological and behavioral profile of hens supplemented with a commercial Panax ginseng product during initial hen's laying cycle. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments which consisted in different levels of P. ginseng (T1: control, without P. ginseng; T2: 1.9; T3: 3.8; T4: 5.7 and T5: 7.6 mg/hen/day) in a total of 70 birds housed in 35 cages with seven replicates per treatment. The basal diets were prepared using corn and soybean meal in agreement with the nutritional values established by the breeder manual. To predict the effect of different levels of P. ginseng on biochemical and hematological traits the regression analysis was used. The Dunnett test was used in each P. ginseng levels to compare to the control treatment. Ethological parameters were evaluated using chi-square analysis. No significant difference was found in hen's hematological profile in all periods evaluated. In metabolic parameters was observed higher level of phosphorus in hens receiving 7.6 mg/hen/day of P. ginseng at second and third period and albumin was observed only in the last period when compared to the control group. Cholesterol level was higher in hens receiving 1.9 and 3.8 mg/hen/day of P. ginseng in comparison with the control treatment. In ethological parameters vigilant behavior was more frequent in control group, preening in the group receiving 7.6 mg/hen/day and drinking in the intermediate levels of P. ginseng (3.8 and 5.6 mg/hen/day). The supplementation with P. ginseng up to 7.6 mg/hen/ day do not change the hematological profile. Only small variations in the metabolic parameters and behavior frequency of the hens receiving ginseng could be expected.

Neste trabalho foram avaliados o perfil hematológico, bioquímico e comportamental de poedeiras recebendo um produto comercial a base de Panax ginseng na fase inicial de postura. As dietas experimentais foram fornecidas as aves durante 30 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos que consistiram em diferentes doses de P. ginseng (T1: controle, sem P. ginseng; T2: 1,9 mg/ave/dia; T3: 3,8 mg/ave/dia; T4: 5,7 mg/ave/ dia; T5: 7,6 mg/ave/dia) num total de 70 aves, distribuídas em 35 gaiolas, divididas em sete repetições por tratamento. As dietas basais foram formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja, atendendo as exigências das aves. Para predizer os efeitos das doses de P. ginseng sobre os parâmetros metabólicos e hematológicos foi utilizada análise de regressão polinomial. Foi utilizado o teste de Dunnett, em cada nível de inclusão do P. ginseng, para comparação com a ração controle. Para a análise da frequência de comportamentos foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado. No perfil hematológico das poedeiras não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos em nenhuma das fases analisadas. No perfil metabólico foram observados maiores níveis de fósforo nas aves que receberam 7,6 mg/ave/dia de P. ginseng em comparação com o grupo controle nos períodos dois e três de avaliação e de albumina somente neste último período. Os níveis de colesterol foram maiores nas aves recebendo dosagens de 1,9 e 3,8 mg/ave/dia de P. ginseng em relação ao grupo controle. Nas variáveis etológicas o comportamento de vigiar foi mais frequente no grupo controle, o comportamento de toilette ou higiene no grupo com a maior dose de P. ginseng (7,6 mg/ave/dia) e beber água nas doses intermediárias (3,8 e 5,6 mg/ave/dia). A suplementação com P. ginseng até 7,6 mg/ave/dia não alterou o perfil hematológico. Apenas pequenas variações no perfil metabólico e na frequência de alguns comportamentos podem ser esperadas com o uso do P. ginseng.

A research was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins' adsorbent Mycosorb® on the hematological parameters of broilers (Ross) fed diets contaminated or not with aflatoxins. The welfare of broilers was determined by measuring heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. Blood samples were collected at 37, 44 and 51 days of age for the counting of total and differential leukocytes. Leukocytes counting were determined for lymphocytes and heterophils. The counting was based on the proportion of each cell type present in 100 counted cells. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was obtained dividing the rate of heterophils by the rate of lymphocytes. A total of 784 birds were used. Four treatments (seven replications of 28 birds each) were studied: T1= non contaminated corn (control); T2= contaminated corn (1 ppm aflatoxin) without adsorbent; T3= contaminated corn (1 ppm aflatoxin) + 1 kg Mycosorb®/t; and T4= non contaminated corn + 1 kg Mycosorb®/t. Data were analyzed through ANOVA and Duncan test was used for comparing the treatment means. Birds fed diets containing contaminated corn without mycotoxin adsorbent (T2) showed the highest numeric hematocrit index for all ages. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found only among contaminated corn without adsorbent (T2) compared to uncontaminated corn containing mycotoxin adsorbent (T4) at 37 and 44 days of age. The highest heterophil/lymphocyte difference was observed among birds fed diets containing non contaminated corn without adsorbent in comparison to the ones fed diets containing non contaminated corn supplemented with 1 kg adsorbent/kg (32 vs. 16%, p<0.05). Birds fed diets containing aflatoxin without adsorbent showed lower weight gain (p<0.05) at 51 days when compared to the ones fed contaminated diets supplemented with adsorbent (2078.0 vs. 2501.2 kg, respectively). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of adsorbent based on sterified glucomannan (Mycosorb®/1 kg/t) in diets with or without contaminated corn positively affects hematocrit and live weight and improves animal welfare of female broilers, as evaluated through heterophil/lymphocyte ratio.

Avaliou-se o efeito de adsorventes de micotoxinas a base de glucomananos esterificados Mycosorb® sobre a taxa de hematócrito, relação heterófilos/linfócitos circulantes e peso vivo em frangos de corte Ross fêmeas alimentados com dietas contaminadas ou não com aflatoxina. Aos 37, 44 e 51 dias de idade foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realizar o hematócrito e a contagem de leucócitos total e diferencial. Na contagem leucocitária diferencial são apresentados apenas os linfócitos e heterófilos em função do objetivo do trabalho, calculando-se a proporção de cada tipo em cem células contadas. A relação heterófilos/ linfócitos foi calculada dividindo-se a taxa de heterófilos pela taxa de linfócitos. Os tratamentos com sete repetições de 28 aves cada, totalizando 784 aves, foram assim constituídos: T1= Dieta com milho não contaminado (controle), T2= Dieta com milho contaminado (aflatoxina 1 ppm) sem adsorventes, T3= Dieta com milho contaminado (aflatoxina 1 ppm) + 1,0 kg/t adsorvente Mycosorb®, T4= Dieta com milho não contaminado + 1,0 kg/t adsorvente Mycosorb®. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias de cada tratamento comparadas através do teste de Duncan. Aves alimentadas com milho contaminado e sem adsorvente de micotoxinas (T2) apresentaram, numericamente, em todas as idades, a maior taxa de hematócrito. No entanto, diferenças significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas somente entre o milho contaminado sem adsorvente (T2) comparado ao milho não contaminado com aflatoxina com adsorvente de micotoxinas (T4) aos 37 e 44 dias de idade. A maior diferença na relação heterófilo/linfócito foi observada entre as aves que receberam dieta com milho não contaminado sem adsorvente comparada com a dieta com milho não contaminado suplementada com 1 kg/t de adsorvente (32 vs. 16%, p<0,05). As aves alimentadas com dietas contendo aflatoxina sem adsorvente apresentaram menor ganho de peso (p<0,05) aos 51 dias de idade, quando comparadas com aves recebendo dietas contaminadas suplementadas com adsorventes (2078,0 vs. 2501,2 kg, respectivamente). Conclui-se que a suplementação de adsorvente a base de glucomanano esterificado (Mycosorb® 1 kg/t), em dietas com ou sem milho contaminado com aflatoxina, influencia positivamente o hematócrito e o peso vivo e melhora o bem-estar animal avaliado através da relação heterófilos/linfócitos circulantes em frangos de corte fêmeas.